西园, 又称徽商大宅院, 位于歙(shè)县城内,连江西畔。占地13000平方米, 外表朴实无华, 如一般的徽派民居; 内部景观独特, 集中了26个明、清、民国的徽派建筑。 108个门,36个天井, 厅堂书院、戏台家祠、亭台桥榭汇聚一堂。
徽州民居通常室内都有个天井,用以构成空间来满足采光、通风和排水。 室外则有前后庭院,在改善环境及供户外活动的同时,增加整体结构的美观大方。
天井使下雨时水从四面流向中庭、名曰"四水归堂",是徽派建筑的一大特色, 不论是普通家居还是宗族的祠堂都被广泛的应用。 人们戏说是因徽商企盼"不尽财源滚滚来"的心理造成,也有人研究是上古穴居遗风。
庭院虽设有围墙围合封闭,却能通过围墙的石雕,砖雕来借景、对景,打造灵活向外延伸空间的效果。
1.
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2. 大门外的石雕
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3. 知道什么是”门当户对”吗? 门上的木圆柱(这家有四个)是” 门当”, 门前两旁的石头是”户对”
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4.
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5. 门口的一对石雕赑屃(bìxì )已经有了一千多年的历史,赑屃在中国的传统文化中是一种瑞兽, 好像麒麟, 用它镇宅有安居祥和之意,加之它身驮的宝物形状如同铜钱,寓意招财进宝。
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6.家族宗祠是宅院中最大的建筑,肥梁瘦柱,明堂敞亮,各种装饰雕刻极尽精美,显示出绝对的威严和尊贵。
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7.
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8.
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9. 在中国明代以来形成的商帮中 ,惟有徽商最重视读书和教育,厅堂之上的对联一语道破徽商家族安身立命之本。
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10.
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11.
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12.
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13.
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14. 徽雕有镂空、透雕等多种技法,题材有花草树木,人物和动物。西园的木雕花窗式样有100多种
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15.
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16.
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17.
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18.
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19. 站在这里仰视,四周是房檐,天只有一长条,一种与外界隔绝的静寂弥漫其中。
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20. 内天井,典型的四水归堂, 高狭的天井意境幽深 。
![](http://lh4.googleusercontent.com/_JCAZ3W9s7_Q/Tbi9BUj2OkI/AAAAAAAAACA/hhl9B0zmM_k/s800/IMG_0855.JPG%E2%80%9C)
21. 天井下的水缸用作防火,平日里可用于收集雨水浇花。
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22. 左右两张半圆的桌子,只有等在外经商的男主人回家,才能拼成一张圆桌
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23.
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24. 曲径通幽
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25.
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26.
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27. 西园26座大小宅门的门楼上都有雕刻装饰。
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28.
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29. 惟妙惟肖的人、物雕刻好像不见时间的沧桑。
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30.
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31. 精美绝伦的砖雕石雕上似乎没留下岁月的痕迹。
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32. 四代同堂,没有这样的大锅做饭怕是不够吃的。
![](http://lh5.googleusercontent.com/_JCAZ3W9s7_Q/TbjALDr02mI/AAAAAAAAACs/QVL77VFTcgU/s800/IMG_1071.JPG%E2%80%9C)
33. 坛坛罐罐用来腌各种泡菜。 左墙上的竹具,可以用来做毛豆腐,豆腐乳。
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34. 平日里石磨可磨五谷杂粮。 过年时磨米做年糕,磨黄豆做豆腐。
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35. 庭院深深
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36.
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37.
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38.
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39.
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40.
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41.
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42. 讲解员主动给我们一行人在红叶下留影,寓意鸿运高照。
![](http://lh3.googleusercontent.com/_JCAZ3W9s7_Q/TbjEdxtv4OI/AAAAAAAAAEw/Ja8K0eV_bm4/s800/IMG_0992.JPG%E2%80%9C)
43.
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44.
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45. 家中养有戏班的人家,后院还有戏台。
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46.
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47. 前庭院
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48.
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49.
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50.
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51.
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52. 侧大门。 据说,娶小妾时,轿子只能走侧门。
![](http://lh5.googleusercontent.com/_JCAZ3W9s7_Q/TbjBZ9URTjI/AAAAAAAAADM/qbE_jHgU4sU/s800/IMG_1098.JPG%E2%80%9C)
谢谢观看!
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