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第2章 Click Shizhu

  The Rhododendra has Blossomed

  And the Cuckoo begins to chant。

  It is her footprints that the heroine left

  In the ghylls,among the pinasters,

  Around the temples,

  And deep within ancient caves。

  The corydon idyllic,

  The girls shy and bashful,

  The Za Alcohol scenting the air,

  The grandma with her white hair

  In the Diao Jiao pavilion,

  Leaned against the door,

  Looking out

  At the gently wafting clouds

  And the cranes that leisurely flying by。

  And this is my hometown,

  My sweet hometown。

  This interlude song called My Hometown(composed by Jiang Shuhui,lyrics by Tan Qiyun,sung by famous singer Song Zuying) used to be broadcasted in the General Guide to Shizhu program by CCTV,which briefly yet passionately depicts the culture,customs,and beautiful landscapes of Shizhu Tu Jia Nationality Autonomy County (Abbreviation for Shizhu thereinafter)。

  Shizhu is located at the juncture where the east of Chongqing,south of Yangtze River and North of Wuling Mountain meet,lies between 107°34'to 108°34'east longitude and 29°39'to 30°32'north latitude。 It meets Lichuan City of Hubei Province to the east,borders on Wanzhou Area to the north,abuts upon Pengshui County to the south,connects with Zhong County to the northwest and leans against Fengdu County to the southeast。 It has a length of 98.3 kilometers from north to south and a width of 56.2 kilometers from east to west and it covers an area of 3012.5 square kilometers。

  In ancient times,Shizhu is in the south of Liangzhou,the hinterland of Ba Kingdom。 In the 2nd year of Wude Reign (619AD),Tang Dynasty,it is compartmentalized by the government to be the new Nanbin County,which used to be the south part of Wuning County of Puzhou (which is now Wanzhou),governed by Linzhou (which is now Zhong County)。 It is the first time that the Shizhu area had been established as a county。

  In the 3rd year of Jianyan Reign (1129AD),after Emperor Gaozong crossed the Yangtze River into the south of China,in order to eliminate the insurgence caused by the "Nine Riverband Clans and Eighteen Minorities"and to reinforce domination,he established an Anfusi (pacification commission) in Waterwheel Dam,Nanbin County,called Shizhu Anfusi (Shizhu Pacification Commission)。 It is the first time the name of Shizhu appeared。 In History of Ming Dynasty ·Sichuan Tusi (Chieftains in Sichuan),it is written that "Shizhu is named because of the Shitong Pass and Zhupu Pass"。 It is also written in Unification History of Qing Dynasty that "Shizhu is called so because of Shitong Pass and Zhupu Pass"。 In addition,according to The Record of Water System of Shu (Area) in Emperor Qianlong Reign Periods of Qing Dynasty,"the reason why Shizhu Pacification Commission is named so is because there're two passes,Shitong Pass and Zhupu Pass。"With reference to Universal Records of Sichuan ·Passes,"Shitong Pass,which was an old pass established many years ago,is located in Liangsan Mountain,60 Lis (Chinese unit of length,1 Li equals 500 meters。) northwest of Shizhu Office。"Furthermore,based onLocal Records of Shizhu Office written in Xuantong Reign Period of Qing Dynasty,"Currently there is a Shitong Pass 40 Lis southeast of Liangsan Mountain,but there's no reference to Zhupu Pass。" Therefore,it is obvious that the ancients name the governed area "Shizhu"in respect that it was situated between "Shitong Pass and Zhupu Pass"。

  In the 8th year of Ming Hongwu Reign (1375AD),Shizhu Xuanfusi(Pacification Office) was founded。 After some time,in the 14th year of Ming Hongwu Reign (1381AD),Nanbin County was cancelled; part of its land was merged with Fengdu County,while the rest of the area was turned to local chieftains,which was in subjection to Chongqing District。 Later in the 1st year of Tianqi Reign of Ming Dynasty(1621AD),the Shizhu Xuanfusi gained promotion and became Shizhu Xuanweisi (with the same function as Pacification Commission),which was administrated by Kuizhou Prefectural City (which now is Fengjie City)。 After that,in the 22nd year of Qianlong Reign of Qing Dynasty(1757AD) ,the Replacement of Native by Appointed Officials Policy was carried out and Shizhu Department was established,which was still under governance of Kuizhou Prefectural City。 Then in the 26th year of Qianlong Reign (1761AD),it was promoted into Shizhu Municipality Department,and was directly under the governance of Sichuan Province。 In the 2nd year of Republic of China (1913AD),it became Shizhu County,subordinate to Sichuan Province。 Moreover,after the foundation of People's Republic of China,it was liberated on Nov。 19th,1949,and People's Administration of Shizhu came into existence,which was still under governance of Sichuan Province。 After that,in Jun。,1956,State Department of People's Republic of China authorized the application that the name of 石砫(Shizhu) County changed into 石柱(also Shizhu) County。 Years later,on Nov。 13th,1983,the application to establish Shizhu Tu Jia Nationality Autonomy County wasalso approved。 Soon in Mars of 1988,Shizhu was incorporated from Fuling District to the newly established Qianjiang District。 In March of1997,Shizhu disengaged with Qianjiang District from the governance of Sichuan Province and became subordinate to the newly set up Chongqing Municipality。 Later in May of 2000,Shizhu became directly subordinate to Chongqing Municipality。

  At present,there are 12 townships and 20 villages in Shizhu,such as Nanbin Town,Xituo Town,Huangshui Town,Wanchao Village,and Daxie village etc。。 There are totally 218 hamlets,23residential communities,1239 village groups as well as 112 community residential groups。 The People's Government of Shizhu Autonomy County is located in Nanbin Town。 Shizhu has a population of about520 000,which includes Han nationality and many minorities,for example,Tu Jia nationality Miao nationality,Hui nationality,the Mongolian nationality Man nationality,Korean nationality,Bu Yi nationality and Bai nationality,etc。。 Among those minorities,the Tu Jia nationality contributes to 72% of the whole county's population。

  The mountains in Shizhu are sheer and straight,the views elegant,the climate pleasant,the environment delightful,the arts delicate,the reserves abundant,the people extraordinary,and the landscapes splendid。

  Shizhu lies in the Zhongshan area of Wu Mountain - Dalou Mountain,which is on the east of Yu area and west of E area。 In Shizhu County,the Qiyao Mountain and Fangdou Mountain,run paralleled from the east to the west through the whole county。 The hypsography of the county is like a gradient "H",which descends along with three sheds called"two mountains and one plain"(Qiyao Mountain,Fangdou Mountain and Plain of Huangshui Mountain)。 The highest spot of Shizhu County is the Dafeng Castle in Huangshui Town,which has an altitude of 1934 meters,while the lowest is the Taojia Dam in XituoTown,with an altitude of only 119 meters。 Low mountains and middleheight Mountains make up most of the county's terrain,with a small number of river valleys,mountain plains and hills scatters here and there。 It is the subtropical monsoon climate that makes this beautiful land gentle and moist,the features of each season distinct and wellrounded。In addition,due to the special terrain,unique climate and hard-working people,Shizhu now has become the nationally famous "Home of Coptis","Home of Long Hair Rabbit",as well as "Home of Virdity"。

  The abundant reserves of minerals have provided its industrial development with solid foundations。 The currently known mineral products include more than 20 varieties,such as coal,natural gas,lead,zinc,copper,iron,aluminum,gold,silver,cadmium,phosphor,limestone,marble,rock with kalium,quartzite,pencil stone,barite,plaster and fluorite etc。 Among those mineral products,the reserves of coal,which mainly concentrate in Fangdou Soft Coal mine and Qiyao anthracite mine,have reached 220,000,000 tons;there are also abundant limestone resources with unparalleled quality,that is to say,the content of calcium carbonate is almost 96%。 And it is noticeable that there are approximately 10 billion tons of limestone resources in just one Fangdou Mountain。 What's more,the known reserves of natural gas lying in the periphery along the Jiannan Gas Field of the west of E and the east of YU Gas Field in Shizhu has now reached 16.8 billon cubic meters。 And the lead & zinc mineral,which has been exploited since Ming and Qing Dynasty and became nationally famous since that time,makes up a great amount of the whole metallic mineral reserves。

  The history of Shizhu lies within its vast and bondless mountains,within its rivers with various lengths,and within its trees flourishing in exuberance。 During the vast and mighty stream of history,the spirit ofShizhu,which can be perceived as "Self Discipline & Exploration,Honesty & Exploitation,Solidarity & Assiduity,as well as the will to be the No。1",has been gestating and carried out by these Tu Jia people generation by generation。 Due to their continuous effort and the strong will that they "would rather work painfully rather than suffer painfully",these people has now achieved a more brilliant future。

  This is a land of beauty and treasure。 The Fangdou Mountain and Qiyao Mountain are glorified when compared with each other,and the virgin forest in Dafeng Castle area has never been logged since ancient time; the seed from the tall and straight "China No。1 Metasequoia Seed Tree",which Premier Zhou Enlai used as a present for Chairman Jin Richeng of Korean,has now become the tree of friendship between the two countries; the 43.4% percentage of forest coverage makes Shizhu a fantastic habitation for its verdant grassland,hazy blue sky and clean water; and with the water in the Yudai river running through the small bridge in the county town,the "Civic City of Wonderful Landscapes and Gardens of Chongqing"is now decorated by the blossomed flowers,the whispering trees,the hanging bridge across the river,the waterwheel,the Diao Jiao Building as well as streams of people。 And right now,it is preparing for further advancement such as Civic Sanitation City of Chongqing and Civic Civilized City of Chongqing。

  This land is full of wonders。 According to the so called "Lay the foundation,Focus on the grassroots,boost the development","Prosperous traditional medicine field on the mountain,Abundant mulberries,fruits,rabbits and pigs under the mountain,Plenteous grain to stable the whole area",as well as "Powerful in one and three and six points"policies,which are emphasized by the County Committee and County Government,a development chain based on the thought named "Environment Protection the Core,Special Features the Frame"has been extending。 For instance,60% of the nation's coptis,which also constitutes the world's 40% market,is grown in Shizhu and makes the "Home of Coptis"world famous。 In addition,the capsicum plantation covering 160 thousand Mu (Chinese unit of area mu (1/15 of a hectare)) has now made its appearance in highlands of Sichuan Province,Hubei Province and Chongqing Municipality。 Moreover,now with 2.5 million long hair rabbits on hand,Shizhu has become the largest "Long Hair Rabbit Production Base"and won the fame of "Home of Long Hair Rabbit"。 It's also famed for being the production base of the contamination-free,environment-protecting natural Water Shield。 What's more,Shizhu also enjoys the glory of "National Fluecured Tobacco Base"and "Domestic Animal Production Base"。

  It's a land eager to be exploited。 The location superiority of Shizhu would soon be substantially ameliorated along with the construction of Shizhu Section of Hu Rong Speedway and Fu Li section of Hu Rong express railway。 Furthermore,Chongqing Longtai Group has begun its treading exploitation of Longhe River drainage valley,Chongqing Coal Bloc has made its way into Shizhu and Tianjin Da Tang Cooperation has started the construction of thermal power station in Xituo。 As the infrastructure of Shizhu improves and distinctive industry waits to set off,the old haunt of the Ba people will no long be immersed in deep slumber。 Shizhu is now welcoming all the guests from around the world。

  It's a civilized land。 For thousands of years,people of Shizhu have been creating together a great amount of splendid legacies of TuHan Culture。 In the Yun Ti Street of Xituo,the National Historical and Cultural Town,ancient buildings and architectures can still be seen today; and the chime which has been lingering since ancient times is now still whispering; the Tusi Civilization with hundreds of years' history,the figure of heroine Qing Liangyu and her legends havebeen passing down generation by generation; what's more,the Luo'er Tune of Shizhu Tujia nationality,which has been sung since long time agoand named National Immaterial Cultural Heritage,is now defined as the inheritance and innovation of "Zhu Zhi Poem",which is popular among the Three Gorges area。 The bold and generous characteristics of Tu Jia nationality can be passionately and straightly expressed by the classic folk song in Luo爷er Ttune The Jubilance Song of Sun Rise。 In addition,the folk customs of Tu Jia nationality,such as "Crying Marriage","Da Raoguan","Opera of Tu Jia nationality"as well as "Temple Market"have rarely changed and are well preserved。

  Presently,Shizhu is making the effort to combine its abundant natural resources with profound cultural foundations,to rely on its pollution-free environment,history,culture and customs,so that the construction of environment-protection tourism as well as culture and custom tourism industry can thrive and flourish。

  The Fangdou Mountain undulating,the Qiyao Mountain lofty and imposing,the Dragon River singing,and Nanbin Town shining,with the exploitation of the western of China advancing,the emigration of Three Gorges proceeding,Chongqing being directly under the jurisdiction of the Central Government,and the opportunities to build a new style country,the ambition of the Shizhu people to make their hometown "the Town of non-pollution environment and strong finance in the Three Gorges area"as well as "one of the most famous town with distinctive tourism culture in Wuling area"is now being actualized step by step。

  
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