本章以规模、益本比率和净市值比率进行风格划分,运用了两种代表性的风格动量策略--Chen和DeBondt(2004)及Lewellen(2002)策略检验了中国股市基于复合风格水平和简单风格水平动量策略,并运用Jegadeesh和Titman(1995)分解、CAPM模型及法马三因子模型对策略收益来源进行了深入分析。本章成果可概括如下:
(1)基于SIZE E/P、SIZE BM复合风格水平水平动量策略能够获得具有经济重要性且显著为正的套利收益,进一步的分析发现,以大市值公司为样本的风格动量策略同样能够获得具有经济重要性且显著为正的套利收益,即使卖空受限,买入或持有风格赢家组合中期能够显著战胜市场组合,这对于基金等大型机构投资者进行实际操作或收益预测具有重要现实意义。
(2)基于SIZE简单风格水平动量策略最为有效,仅有部分基于E/P简单风格水平动量策略能够获得显著为正的套利收益,而基于BM简单风格水平动量策略无法获利。这表明中国股市总体作为一个资金推动型市场,大市值/小市值风格较成长/价值风格存在更显著的风格水平正反馈交易行为,这一现象可用Barberis和Shleifer(2003)风格水平正反馈交易模型关于孪生风格假设进行解释。
(3)对风格动量收益来源分析表明,个股(组合)期望收益截面方差、市场风险、SMB因子及HML因子所代表的传统风险对动量策略套利收益缺乏解释力,风格动量反映了股价的可预测性,其可能来源于Barberis和Shleifer(2003)模型假设的风格水平正反馈投资行为。
(4)对于机构投资者而言,由于风格动量的存在,表明风格选择重要性可能并不亚于个股选择重要性,因此如何构建适合中国证券市场的时变风格投资策略值得未来进一步的研究。
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§§第5章 价格反转投资策略研究