历史上的八月十日

历史上的8/10日

 

今天是8/10日，2023年的第222天，今年还剩143天。

世界历史上的今天发生了如下值得我关注的事件：

 

1，1793

卢浮宫博物馆开幕

2，1945

日本接受波茨坦条款，同意无条件投降

3，1945

弹道导弹之父，美国人罗伯特·戈达德去世

以下是较为详细的介绍和编者按?：

 

1793

卢浮宫博物馆开幕

 

作为法国皇宫两个多世纪后，卢浮宫由法国革命政府在巴黎作为公共博物馆开放。今天，卢浮宫的藏品是世界上最丰富的藏品之一，其艺术品和文物代表了11000年的人类文明和文化。

 

编者按?不知道什么时候中南海会对外开放。王师北定中原日，家祭无忘告乃翁 编者按?

 

Louvre Museum opens

After more than two centuries as a royal palace, the Louvre is opened as a public museum in Paris by the French revolutionary government. Today, the Louvre’s collection is one of the richest in the world, with artwork and artifacts representative of 11,000 years of human civilization and culture.

 

1945

日本接受波茨坦条款，同意无条件投降

 

1945年8月10日，在美国轰炸长崎仅一天后，日本天皇默许波茨坦会议，无条件投降；随之，杜鲁门总统下令停止原子弹轰炸。

 

编者按?因着美国强大的军事实力，日本无视中苏，同美国暗通款曲达成协议，埋下日后美国人以日本制衡中苏的伏笔。不得不佩服美国人常远的战略眼光。编者按?

 

Japan accepts Potsdam terms, agrees to unconditional surrender

 

On August 10, 1945, just a day after the bombing of Nagasaki, Japan submits its acquiescence to the Potsdam Conferenceterms of unconditional surrender, as President Harry S. Truman orders a halt to atomic bombing.

Emperor Hirohito, having remained aloof from the daily decisions of prosecuting the war, rubber-stamping the decisions of his War Council, including the decision to bomb Pearl Harbor, finally felt compelled to do more. At the behest of two Cabinet members, the emperor summoned and presided over a special meeting of the Council and implored them to consider accepting the terms of the Potsdam Conference, which meant unconditional surrender. “It seems obvious that the nation is no longer able to wage war, and its ability to defend its own shores is doubtful.” The Council had been split over the surrender terms; half the members wanted assurances that the emperor would maintain his hereditary and traditional role in a postwar Japan before surrender could be considered. But in light of the bombing of Hiroshima on August 6, Nagasaki on August 9, and the Soviet invasion of Manchuria, as well as the emperor’s own request that the Council “bear the unbearable,” it was agreed: Japan would surrender.

 

Tokyo released a message to its ambassadors in Switzerland and Sweden, which was then passed on to the Allies. The message formally accepted the Potsdam Declaration but included the proviso that “said Declaration does not comprise any demand which prejudices the prerogatives of His Majesty as sovereign ruler.” When the message reached Washington, President Truman, unwilling to inflict any more suffering on the Japanese people, especially on “all those kids,” ordered a halt to atomic bombing, He also wanted to know whether the stipulation regarding “His Majesty” was a deal breaker. Negotiations between Washington and Tokyo ensued. Meanwhile, savage fighting continued between Japan and the Soviet Union in Manchuria.

 

1945

弹道导弹之父，美国人罗伯特·戈达德去世

 

罗伯特·哈钦斯·戈达德（英语：Robert Hutchings Goddard，1882年10月5日—1945年8月10日），美国物理学家、发明家，液体火箭的发明者。他于1926年3月16日发射了人类历史上第一枚液体燃料火箭[1][2]，并且进行火箭研究直到1941年为止。戈达德共获得了214项专利，其中83项专利在他生前获得。

 

他1919年撰写的著作《到达超高空的方法》（A Method of Reaching Extreme Altitudes）被认为是20世纪的火箭科学经典之一[3][4]。戈达德成功地将3轴控制、陀螺仪和推力向量使用在火箭上，让火箭在飞行时可以得到有效控制。

 

编者按?为什么这些现代科技之父多数生长在西方？编者按?