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分享往日新浪譯友木草堂對如何翻譯對聯的一篇有趣的博文

(2023-12-30 12:05:37) 下一个

分享往日新浪譯友木草堂對如何翻譯對聯的一篇有趣的博文

 

一日,有一个喜欢对联并热爱翻译的学生,虚心地向一位英语教授请教如何翻译对联。这件事,本来可以成为一个佳谈,但是,结果大出我的意料。

 

学生感恩涕零,先生沾沾自喜,读者仰天长叹。一时间,那对联竟然在心头挥之不去,非得跃然纸上不可。

 

1.教授造词:

 

Heritage,rise,Herise = 绍兴

Old Leap, = 古越

 

绍兴:浙江省绍兴市。

绍 [动](继续; 继承) carry on;continue;

兴:[动]  prosper;rise;encourage;promote;

Heritage:[名] 继承物;遗产;继承权。Heritage 是选错了字。

 

古越:古老的越国。

越 [名]  a state in the Zhou Dynasty;

Old:古老的

Leap:[名],跳跃、越过。但是与越国毫无关系。

 

结论:生搬硬造

 

2.教授译联

 

原文:

绍兴美酒名扬四海

古越烹调香飘九州

 

译文:

Herise Spirit spreads neath the sun

Old Leap Cuisine lures all the land

 

附草堂词解:

 

Spirit:烈酒、 白酒、酒精,一般是复数。没有黄酒的意思。

 

黄酒是中国的民族特产,也称为米酒(ricewine),属于酿造酒,在世界三大酿造酒(黄酒、葡萄酒和啤酒)中占有重要的一席。其中以中国绍兴黄酒为代表的麦曲稻米酒是黄酒历史最悠久、最有代表性的产品。它是一种以稻米为原料酿制成的粮食酒。不同于白酒,黄酒没有经过蒸馏,酒精含量低于20%。

 

Spread: 洒、伸开、传播[消息]、散布[言论] ( 名扬?),中性或贬义。想不出褒义的意思来。

Beneath the sun:四海(世界各地)。中文用海字,英文是太阳。

Lures:引诱、诱惑、吸引,(香飘?),就算意思对,这个字也不美,好象与吃喝无关。

all the land:大地上,(九州?中国的别称之一)。

 

草堂留言:

 

上联少美

下句没香

 

3.赵彦春《对联该如何英译》

 

学生让我在英译中遇到一幅对联,百思不得其解,向我求救。这对联是:

 

绍兴美酒名扬四海

古越烹调香飘九州

 

 我这样译了:

 

Herise Spirit spreads neath the sun

Old Leap Cuisine lures all the land

 

对联要求对仗,这是形式上的要求。在英译上便需要做到词类的对应:名词对名词、动词对动词、短语对短语。其次,是专有名词的处理问题,绍兴、古越是地名,如果分别译为Shaoxing、Guyue也算合理,但文化内涵则丧失殆尽。我按英文的造词规律仿拟了Herise和Old Leap。Herise为Heritage和rise的融合,可以表达“绍兴”的理据;Old Leap也是取“越”的含义,加上Old构成的。当然,如果不考虑诗意,直译其名也是可以的。由于对联较精练,译文尽可能表现出艺术性。这幅对联我用了头韵,前行是Spirit、spread、sun,后行是Leap、lure、land。

 

4.草堂戏译

 

我没本事中译英,但喜欢英译中,也喜欢打油诗。假若我不知道中文对联原作,很可能汉译成:

 

原文:

Herise Spirit spreads neath the sun

Old Leap Cuisine lures all the land

 

何赖思光天化日下洒烈酒

古离谱神州大地上扬烹调

 

何升烈酒洒遍全世界

古跳菜肴馋尽众国度

 

5.英文的对偶句

 

关于如何翻译对联,草堂建议:

英文有许多 couplelets,应该用中文的美,转换成英文的美。而不是用英文字来弘扬中文的美。

 

教授回曰:“英文有许多 couplelets?何意?应该用中文的美,转换成英文的美,何意?如何? 两行英文高度对仗:

 

扬扬抑抑扬抑扬

扬扬抑抑扬抑扬。

 

不著美与香,美香已包含。不泥于字,风流自现。”

 

英文的对联那么好写吗?吓死我,我也不敢动笔。语言的轻重节奏,不是一般人能掌握得了的,大概我这辈子没戏了,只有学习的份。再说了,就算抑扬全对了(何况以上格式我还没见过,少见多怪了),也不一定就成功了,只能说是格式正确而以。一个作品,主要是文化,内容与词句。文化是灵魂,内容是骨架,词句是血肉,其余都是皮毛。

 

那么精彩的英文对偶句是什么样的?以下是网络上搜索来的:

 

Couplets in Shakespeare

 

Blessed are you whose worthiness gives scope,

Being had, to triumph; being lacked, to hope.

 

So, till the judgement that yourself arise,

You live in this, and dwell in lovers' eyes.

 

Tir'd with all these, from these would I be gone,

Save that, to die, I leave my love alone.

 

You still shall live, such virtue hath my pen,

Where breath most breathes, even in the mouths of men.

 

How like Eve's apple doth thy beauty grow,

If thy sweet virtue answer not thy show!

 

Couplets in Alexander Pope

 

A little learning is a dangerous thing;

Drink deep, or taste not the Pierian spring.

 

Be not the first by whom the new are tried,

Nor yet the last to lay the old aside."

 

Be thou the first true merit to befriend;

His praise is lost, who stays till all commend."

 

Good nature and good sense must ever join;

To err is human, to forgive, divine."

 

Hope springs eternal in the human breast:

Man never is, but always to be blest.

        

Tis education forms the common mind,

Just as the twig is bent, the tree’s inclined.  

 

Couplets in Literature

 

Singing he was, or fluting all the day;

He was as fresh as is the month of May.

 

I have the measles and the mumps,

a gash, a rash and purple bumps.

 

You say today is...Saturday?

G'bye, I'm going out to play!

 

Couplets in Famous Quotes

 

Whether or not we find what we are seeking

is idle, biologically speaking.

 

True wit is nature to advantage distressed

What oft was thought/but ne'er so well expressed.

 

Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall

Humpty Dumpty had a great fall

 

All the king's horses and all the king's men

Couldn't put Humpty together again!"

 

So precious are true friends who lend their ears

and give their time to wipe away sad tears.

 

Nodding perfume. In my garden birds sing,

Roses bloom, and I am remembering.

 

When Silly Sally irons her clothes, they come out looking awful.

She did not read the label and her iron was meant to waffle.

 

Oh my!" the portly gent called out. "I cannot find my hair.

I washed and put it out to dry, and now it isn't there!"

 

轉發:自娛自樂

 

 

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